LES ACTIVITÉS NUCLÉAIRES : RAYONNEMENTS IONISANTS ET RISQUES POUR LA SANTÉ ET L’ENVIRONNEMENT technical models used, and the associated procedures for informing the public. The initiatives taken to monitor facilities have been shared, with a common desire to observe the actions taken and their effects on the ground. ASNR also actively pursued its bilateral exchanges with its counterparts in 2025, through technical meetings (e.g. with Japan on the issue of nuclear fusion) and mutual inspections (e.g. with South Korea and South Africa). Services to promote outreach and the acquisition of knowledge In 2025, ASNR continued its participation in the services previously provided by IRSN. They are a key means of positioning ASNR as a benchmark international player in the field of expertise, where ASNR experts demonstrate their know-how and the effectiveness of their methodologies, and in the regulatory field, where ASNR presents and highlights the French nuclear safety and radiation protection control system and its approach in these areas. These services also make a significant contribution to developing the skills of our experts and enabling them to acquire knowledge of various technologies. In 2025, ASNR completed a three-year assistance contract with the Iraqi Safety Authority on waste management. This project, led by Expertise France and funded by the European Commission, was conducted in partnership with Andra. It helped to strengthen Iraqi expertise in safety and radiation protection, with the aim of effectively protecting people and the environment against the dangers of ionising radiation. It has also enabled ASNR to pass on French skills and practices in nuclear waste management. ASNR has also continued its exchanges with a wide range of Ukrainian players: the nuclear safety Authority (SNRIU) and its technical support (SSTC-NRS), as well as other stakeholders, such as the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of the Environment, etc. to carry out a comparative analysis of Ukrainian regulations on nuclear safety and radiation protection with the Euratom directives, as part of the process of Ukraine's accession to the European Union. 1.5 The consultative and discussion bodies 1.5.1 – The High Committee for Transparency and Information on Nuclear Safety The High Committee for Transparency and Information on Nuclear Safety (HCTISN), created by the TSN Act, is a body that informs, discusses and debates on nuclear activities, their safety and their impact on human health and the environment. Its operation and missions fall within the legal framework defined by the Environment Code. It may also examine all questions concerning the accessibility of information on nuclear safety and propose all measures such as to guarantee or improve nuclear transparency. The HCTISN draws up opinions and makes them public. It organises four plenary meetings a year, at which major topical topics are presented and discussed: all the presentations are available on hctisn.fr. The Chairman of ASNR is a member of the High Committee. ASNR sits on the board of the HCTISN in an advisory capacity. It participates in its various working groups and regularly provides information on the subjects on the agenda of plenary sessions. In accordance with the provisions of Article L. 592‑29‑1 of the Environment Code, “The French Authority for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection presents [...] to the High Committee for Transparency and Information on Nuclear Safety, which may issue an opinion, the subjects on which public involvement is organised and the arrangements for its implementation, and reports back to them”. It was in this context that ASNR, wishing to draw up a roadmap for its policy of dialogue with society, sought guidance from HCTISN. At its plenary session on 12 June 2025, the High Committee decided to set up a working group on the “ASNR policy on transparency and dialogue with society”. This group met four times between September and December 2025 and will continue its work at the beginning of 2026, in order to issue an opinion to help inform ASNR on its approach to dialogue with society. In addition, in 2025, ASNR also participated in the “Cigéo Project Consultation” oversight group, which met three times, including an update from ASNR on the review of the Cigéo Creation Authorisation Application (DAC – see chapter 13, Highlight No. 2). 1.5.2 – The High Council for Public Health The High Council for Public Health (HCSP), created by Act 2004- 806 of 9 August 2004 concerning public health policy, is a scientific and technical consultative body reporting to the Minister in charge of health. It contributes to defining the multi-year public health objectives, reviews the attainment of national public health objectives and contributes to their annual regulation. Together with the health agencies, it provides the public authorities with the expertise necessary for managing health risks and for defining and evaluating prevention and health safety policies and strategies. It also anticipates future developments and provides advice on public health issues. 1.5.3 – The High Council for Prevention of Technological Risks Consultation about technological risks takes place before the High Council for Prevention of Technological Risks (CSPRT), created by Ordinance 2010‑418 of 27 April 2010. Alongside representatives of HIGHLIGHT No. 3 Regulations specific to nuclear fusion reactors: the position of ASNR In the context of increased international attention to the subject of nuclear fusion, around ten IAEA Member States are involved in the regulation of facilities involving fusion reactions with deuterium- tritium plasmas. Member States apply, or adapt if necessary, the existing regulatory frameworks for nuclear safety and radiation protection. Many countries believe that updated or entirely new frameworks will be needed to take account of the additional complexities of future commercial fusion facilities (for example, the use of larger quantities of radioactive materials or the continuous operation of facilities) and the particular risk profile of these facilities. Although the safety and radiation protection issues specific to these fusion facilities must obviously be taken into account, ASNR considers that these facilities should be treated as nuclear facilities. It considers that existing nuclear standards and rules apply and that there is no need to create a new regulatory framework specifically for fusion. As regulator of the ITER project, the world's largest fusion project, ASNR is sharing its OEF with the rest of the world. Over the course of 2025, it has shared its position on the regulations needed to govern this type of facility on several occasions during bilateral discussions and at the 69th IAEA General Conference held in Vienna in September 2025. ASNR is also contributing to the IAEA's ongoing work to develop a safety framework for fusion based on the various national experiences. 132 ASNR Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2025
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