LES ACTIVITÉS NUCLÉAIRES : RAYONNEMENTS IONISANTS ET RISQUES POUR LA SANTÉ ET L’ENVIRONNEMENT and the temperature criterion is not systematically taken into account), the methodology used to calculate the radon volume activity concentration values assigned to a homogeneous zone (the discrepancies noted can even invalidate the reports produced), the corrective actions suggested, which are sometimes incomplete or inappropriate (persistent exceedances of the reference level are not identified, the possibility of opting out of the mandatory monitoring system is not indicated for buildings in zones 1 and 2 whose results are below the reference level, the context of voluntary measurements is not identified), and lastly, compliance with regulatory deadlines, with are sometimes greatly exceed. With regard to level 2 organisations, inspectors noted that the scope of the mapping activities was not sufficiently justified, that it was difficult to identify transfer routes (continuous measurements sometimes carried out over too short a period), and lastly that there was a need for more rigorous maintenance of the performance of the measuring equipment used. Generally speaking, the record-keeping of measurements carried out under the Public Health Code is unreliable (discrepancies between annual activity reports and the database démarchessimplifiées.fr are very frequent) and the submission of measurement results via the “démarches-simplifiées.fr”(simplified procedures) tool is very often delayed. Organisations that have introduced tools to help them draw up reports and ensure that their content is secure (automatic calculation of the value to be assigned to a homogeneous zone, control of the vacancy rate, action to be taken consistent with the results for each building and the context, etc.) seem to be less exposed to certain methodological deviations. However, the inspectors emphasised that this practice requires several levels of vigilance in terms of securing and updating the tool, as well as the familiarity with the tools on the part those involved. In addition to the inspections carried out by approved bodies, ASNR inspects managers of PABs every year to check that they are complying with the regulations on monitoring public exposure to radon. The results of these inspections appear in the regional overview in the introduction to this report. For example, in 2025, ASNR’s inspections revealed a new company that had carried out radon measurement services without the required approval (two similar situations had already been identified in 2024). Performing radon measurement services without holding the required approval is a violation punishable by the fine provided for under class-five petty offences (Article R. 1337‑14‑2 of the Public Health Code). In view of the persistence of these cases, ASNR plans to step up its radon irregularity prevention measures in 2026, particularly for managers of PABs. ▸ Workers Article R. 4451-1 of the Labour Code requires employers to take radon risk into account as part of their risk assessment for all workplaces located underground or on the ground floor of buildings, and for designated radon-risk workplace. If the exposure of one or more workers exceeds the reference level, the employer must implement the enhanced radiation protection system (Order of 15 May 2024 relating to the radon risk prevention approach and the establishment of a radon zone and associated checks as part of the enhanced measures for protecting workers). An overview of the monitoring activities relating to radon in the workplace can be found in the regional overview in the introduction to this report. Monitoring natural radioactivity in water intended for human consumption Monitoring the natural radioactivity in water intended for human consumption is the role of the ARS. The procedures for these checks take account of the recommendations issued by ASNR and are taken up in the General Health Directorate Circular of 13 June 2007. The results of the checks are jointly analysed and utilised by ASNR and the services of the Ministry of Health. 3.2 Analysis of the demonstrations provided by the licensee The purpose of the files supplied by the licensee is to demonstrate compliance with the objectives set by the general technical regulations, as well as those that it has set for itself. ASNR is required to check the completeness of the data and the quality of the demonstration. The review of these files may lead ASNR to accept or to reject the licensee’s proposals, to ask for additional information or studies or to ask for work to be done to bring the relevant items into conformity. 3.2.1 – Analysing the files transmitted by BNI licensees Reviewing the supporting documents produced by the licensees and the technical meetings organised with them are one of the forms of control carried out by ASNR. Whenever it deems it necessary, ASNR seeks the opinion of technical support specialists, principally ASNR’s expert services. The safety review implies cooperation by numerous specialists, as well as efficient coordination, in order to identify the essential points relating to safety and radiation protection. The ASNR expert assessment is based on in-depth technical discussions with the licensee teams responsible for designing and operating the installations. It is also based on studies and R&D programmes focused on risk prevention and on improving our knowledge of accidents. For certain files, ASNR asks the competent Advisory Committee of Experts (GPE) for its opinion. For the others, the safety analyses are reviewed by ASNR’s specialist departments. At the design and construction stage, ASNR assesses the safety analysis reports describing and justifying the design principles, equipment and system design calculations, utilisation rules and test procedures, and quality organisation provisions implemented by the prime contractor and its suppliers. It also analyses the facility’s environmental impact assessment. ASNR regulates and oversees the construction and manufacture of structures and equipment, in particular those of the main primary system and the main secondary systems of Pressurised Water Reactors (PWRs). In accordance with the same principles, it checks the packages intended for RST. Once the nuclear facility has been commissioned, following ASNR authorisation, all changes to the facility or its operation made by the licensee that could affect security, public health and safety, or the protection of the environment, are reported to ASNR or submitted to it for authorisation. Moreover, the licensee must perform periodic safety reviews to update the assessment of the facility, taking into account any changes in techniques and regulations, as well as OEF. The conclusions of these reviews are submitted by the licensee to ASNR, which can issue new binding requirements for continued operation. The other files submitted by BNI licensees A large number of files concern specific topics such as fire protection, fuel management in PWRs, relations with the outside contractors, etc. The licensee therefore also periodically provides activity reports as well as summaries of water intake, liquid and gaseous discharges and waste produced. 150 ASNR Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2025
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