LES ACTIVITÉS NUCLÉAIRES : RAYONNEMENTS IONISANTS ET RISQUES POUR LA SANTÉ ET L’ENVIRONNEMENT Decision Expert assessment Intervention Communication Public authorities Government (CIC) Prefecture (COD, COZ) – Prefecture Civil protection Government (CIC) Prefecture (COD) ASNR (CDC) ASNR (CDC) Météo‑France ASNR (mobile unit) ASNR Licensees National and local levels National and local levels Local level National and local levels CDC: Emergency Response Centre – CIC: Interministerial Crisis Committee – COD: Departmental Operations Centre – COZ: Zone Operations Centre TABLE 1 Positions of the various players in a radiological emergency situation In the area of small-scale nuclear activities, on 12 March 2025, ASNR was informed by the Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR) in Villejuif (Valde-Marne) of an incidental release of radioactive effluents from the Institute’s nuclear medicine department. The ASNR on-call team and ASNR Paris division mobilised ASNR’s emergency organisation to monitor the event and support the public authorities in managing it. ASNR teams carried out assessments of the health consequences of the incident and took samples of wastewater immediately upstream of the three treatment plants concerned, in coordination with the central laboratory of the Paris Police Headquarters (LCPP) and the Paris Fire Brigade (BSPP), under the authority of the Prefect of Val-de-Marne. The Paris division of ASNR also conducted a reactive inspection at the IGR on 14 March 2025. This event had no consequences for the workers potentially involved. Finally, since the start of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, ASNR has been monitoring radioactivity levels in Ukraine on a regular basis. This monitoring is based in particular on data from automatic beacons on the Ukrainian SaveEcoBot website, which aggregates measurements of ambient radioactivity in the air from several sources. This monitoring is also based on data from the European network EURDEP, transmitted by the authorities of the European States. In particular, following the event that took place on the night of 13 to 14 February 2025 – a drone hit the New Safe Confinement structure of the damaged reactor No. 4 at the Chernobyl NPP, causing a perforation in the wall and a fire at the impact point, which was brought under control on the morning of 14 February 2025 – ASNR took action to ensure that no increase in the level of radioactivity had been detected in the environment. The ASNR alert system enables all emergency team members to be mobilised. This automatic system sends an alert signal to personnel equipped with appropriate receiving devices as soon as it is remotely triggered by the licensee of the BNI responsible for the alert. It also sends the alert to the staff of the SGDSN, the General Directorate for Civil Security and Emergency Management (DGSCGC), the Interministerial Emergency Management Operations Centre, Météo-France and the Ministerial operational monitoring and alert centre (CMVOA) of the Ministries for Regional Planning and for Ecological Transition. A radiological emergency toll-free number also enables ASNR to receive calls reporting events involving sources of ionising radiation used outside BNIs or during the transport of radioactive substances. It is accessible 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This number is reserved for companies holding a licence to possess radioactive sources issued by ASNR in accordance with the Public Health Code and for companies transporting radioactive materials. Depending on the severity of the event, ASNR may activate its Fontenay-auxRoses Emergency Centre by triggering the alert system. If not, only local-level ASNR (regional division concerned) intervenes to perform its duties of supporting the Prefect and sending communications, if necessary, calling on the expertise of the national departments. In order to enhance the graded nature of ASNR response and organisation in the event of an emergency, for situations not warranting activation of the Emergency Centre, the on-call team provides assistance to support the regional division concerned. Diagram 2 summarises the role of ASNR in a nuclear emergency situation. This functional diagram illustrates the importance of the ASNR representative to the Prefect, who relays and explains the recommendations coming from the ASNR Emergency Centre. Table 1 shows the positions of the public authorities (Government, ASNR and technical experts) and the licensees in a radiological emergency situation. These players operate within their respective areas of expertise relating to assessment, decision-making, response and communication, for which regular audio conferences are organised. Discussions between the players lead to decisions and guidance concerning installation safety and public protection. Similarly, coordination between the communication units and spokespersons of the emergency centres ensures consistent information is provided to the public and the media. Finally, ASNR operates the national Téléray alert network (see chapter 3, point 5.1.2). Téléray consists of a set of beacons for measuring ambient gamma radioactivity, permanently linked by a data transmission network to a centralised supervision system. This array of sensors, spread across the whole of France (including the French overseas départements and regions), enables ASNR to monitor the radiological state of the country on a permanent basis (24/7) on behalf of citizens and public authorities. 3 – Learning from experience 3.1 Carrying out exercises The main aim of these nuclear and radiological emergency exercises is to test the planned arrangements in the event of a radiological emergency, in order to: ∙measure the level of preparedness of all entities involved (safety authorities, technical experts and licensees); ∙ensure that plans are up to date, known to those responsible and to participants at all levels, and that the alert and coordination procedures they contain are operational; ∙train those who would be involved in such a situation; ∙implement the various aspects of the organisation and procedures set out in interministerial directives: emergency plans, contingency plans, local emergency plans and various agreements; ∙help inform the media and develop a public awareness approach so that everyone can contribute to civil protection through their own behaviour; ∙build on knowledge and experience in emergency situation management. These exercises, which are scheduled by an annual interministerial instruction, involve the licensee, the Ministries, the offices of the Prefects and services of the départements, ASNR, the Defence Nuclear Safety Authority (ASND), and Météo-France, which can represent up to 300 people when resources are deployed in the field. They aim to test the effectiveness of arrangements for assessing the situation, the ability to bring the installation or the package to a safe condition, to take appropriate measures to protect the general public and to ensure satisfactory communication with the media and the populations concerned. ASNR Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2025 185 01 02 03 04 05 09 06 10 07 11 13 08 12 A / Z
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