LES ACTIVITÉS NUCLÉAIRES : RAYONNEMENTS IONISANTS ET RISQUES POUR LA SANTÉ ET L’ENVIRONNEMENT operations (stop/continue filling, alarm, etc.). The radionuclides used depend on the characteristics of the container and the content. The sources generally used are americium-241 (with an activity of 1.7 GBq) or caesium-137 – barium-137m (with an activity of 37 MBq), as the case may be. ∙Density measurement and weighing: the principle is the same as for the above two measurements. The sources used are generally americium-241 (with an activity of 2 GBq), caesium-137 – barium-137m (with an activity of 100 MBq) or cobalt-60 (with an activity of 30 GBq); measuring soil density and moisture (gamma densitometry), particularly in agriculture and public works. These devices function with a source of caesium-137 and a pair of americium‑beryllium sources. GRAPH 1a Breakdown of licences or registrations for sealed radioactive sources 0 250 500 750 1,000 1,250 1,500 1,750 2,000 X-ray fluorescence analysis Calibration Density and weighing Thickness measurement Dust Thickness of thin layers Grammage Level measurements Moisture and density Logging Elimination of static electricity Implementation of neutron sources Analysis Teaching Research Chromatography Electron capture detectors Gamma radiography 7 27 58 34 54 92116 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 70 89 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 24 48 74 92 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 18 29 43 8 81 64 134 0 0 0 0 0 48 83 113 11 28 45 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 21 27 38 48 2 5 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2021 Licences 2022 Licences 2023 Licences 2024 Licences 2025 Licences Registrations Number of facilities licensed or registered The figures in red correspond to the number of registrations out of the total number of sealed radioactive sources. 10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 Number of facilities with a notification acknowledgement 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 X-ray fluorescence analysis Atmospheric dust measurement Elimination of static electricity Smoke detectors Calibration Teaching Chromatography Electron capture detectors Electronic tubes with pre-ionisation GRAPH 1b Breakdown of sealed radioactive source notifications USE OF SEALED RADIOACTIVE SOURCES BY END-PURPOSE ASNR Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2025 233 01 05 02 06 03 04 09 10 07 11 13 08 12 A / Z
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