LES ACTIVITÉS NUCLÉAIRES : RAYONNEMENTS IONISANTS ET RISQUES POUR LA SANTÉ ET L’ENVIRONNEMENT 2 – Overview per technology of the small modular reactor projects being monitored by ASNR Water reactors represent the vast majority of the reactors currently in operation around the world, whereas the other SMR technologies, which are already known and have been developed for many years, have so far generally only led to the construction of a few experimental or prototype reactors, with no industrial scale operation. Table 1 lists the ten SMR projects currently being monitored by ASNR, classified according to reactor type. The projects presented cover a single stage of the development programme and not the entire development strategy for industrial projects. Development programmes can vary depending on the sector and the project. They may involve progressing through different stages of the development, including the following types: ∙Experimental reactor: conducting experiments to acquire the theoretical knowledge needed to finalise the design of the industrial reactor (demonstrator/first-of-a-kind) and demonstrate its safety; ∙Demonstrator/industrial prototype: a reactor designed to demonstrate to investors or customers that a level of industrial maturity has been achieved, and, if necessary, to conduct tests to validate the technological choices required to finalise the design of the industrial reactor and demonstrate its safety; ∙First-of-a-kind (FOAK): the first full-scale industrial reactor. Technology Company Power of one reactor (MWth) Short-term target stage Light water reactor Nuward currently being redefined FOAK Calogena 30 CAL 30: FOAK Sodium-cooled reactor Otrera 200 Otrera one: demonstrator / prototype Hexana 400 Demonstrator / FOAK High-temperature reactor Jimmy currently being redefined FERMI: FOAK Blue Capsule 150 Demonstrator / FOAK Lead-cooled reactor Newcleo 90 LFR-30: demonstrator / prototype Molten salt reactor Stellaria 200 kWth ALVIN: experimental reactor Thorizon currently being redefined Thorizon pionneer: demonstrator / prototype Thorizon one: FOAK TABLE 1 SMR projects being studied The different types of SMR technologies in France Light water reactors • Solid uranium fuel • Water moderator • Water coolant High-temperature reactors • Solid uranium fuel (TRISO particles) • Graphite or heavy water moderator • Helium or sodium gas coolant Liquid metal reactors • Solid fuel Mixture of uranium and plutonium (MOX-RNR) • No moderator • Liquid metal coolant (sodium, lead) Molten salt reactors • Liquid plutonium fuel in salt form • No moderator • Molten salt coolant ASNR Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2025 313 09 10 11 13 08 12 A / Z 01 05 02 06 03 07 04
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