LES ACTIVITÉS NUCLÉAIRES : RAYONNEMENTS IONISANTS ET RISQUES POUR LA SANTÉ ET L’ENVIRONNEMENT 3.5 Information about ASNR’s regulatory activity ASNR attaches importance to coordinating Government departments and informs the other administration departments concerned of its inspection programme, the follow-up to its inspections, the penalties imposed on the licensees and any significant events. To ensure that its inspection work is transparent, ASNR informs the public by placing the following on its website asnr.fr: ∙its resolutions and decisions; ∙inspection follow-up letters for all the activities it inspects; ∙approvals and accreditations it issues or rejects; ∙incident notices; ∙the results of reactor outages; ∙its thematic publications on specific subjects. 4 – Monitoring exposure to ionising radiation Given the difficulty in attributing a cancer solely to the ionising radiation risk factor, “risk monitoring” to prevent cancers in the population is performed by measuring ambient radioactivity indicators (measurement of dose rates for example), internal contamination or, failing this, by measuring values (activities in radioactive effluent discharges) which can then be used – by modelling and calculation – to estimate the doses received by the exposed populations. The entire population of France is exposed to ionising radiation of natural or anthropogenic origin, but to different extents across the country. The average exposure of the French population is estimated at 6.5 mSv per person per year, but this exposure is subject to wide individual variability (factor of 1 to 20), particularly depending on the place of residence (radon potential of the municipality, level of terrestrial radiation), the number of radiological examinations the person undergoes, consumption (smoking, foodstuffs) and living habits (air travel). Graph 7 shows an estimate of the respective contributions to the average total dose of the different sources of exposure to ionising radiation for the French population. 4.1 Doses received by workers 4.1.1 – Monitoring occupational exposure to ionising radiation The system for monitoring the external exposure of persons liable to be exposed to ionising radiation, working in BNIs or in small-scale nuclear facilities for example, has been in place for several decades. This system is based primarily on the mandatory wearing of passive dosimeters for workers liable to be exposed and enables compliance with the regulatory limits applicable to workers to be checked. These limits concern the total exposure (since 2003, the annual limit expressed in terms of effective dose has been 20 mSv for 12 consecutive months), obtained by adding the dose due to external exposure to that resulting from any internal contamination; other limits, called “equivalent dose limits”, are defined for the external exposure of certain parts of the body such as the hands, the skin and the lens of the eye (see heading “References” on asnr.fr). The recorded data allow the identification of the cumulative exposure dose for a given period which cannot exceed three months, for each worker, including those from outside contractors. They are grouped together in SISERI (Ionising Radiation Exposure Monitoring Information System) managed by ASNR and are published annually in Highlight No. 4. The main conclusions of this report are summarised in Highlight No. 3 and Tables 7, 8 and 9. Tables 7 and 8 present, per area of activity and for the year 2024, the breakdown of the populations monitored, the collective dose (the collective dose is the sum of the individual doses received by a given group of persons), and the number of times the annual limit of 20 mSv was exceeded. They show a large disparity in the breakdown of doses depending on the sector. Due to a change in calculation methodology, the average effective or equivalent doses for 2024 and those for previous years are not directly comparable. Similarly, as the transmission of data on workers under radiological surveillance only in SISERI has been discontinued, it is not appropriate to compare the workforce in 2024 with that of previous years. 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Basic Nuclear Installations Level 0 1,033 1,068 985 1,010 1,047 1,079 Level 1 107 103 97 86 75 81 Level 2 2 1 0 2 2 2 Level 3 and + 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 1,142 1,172 1,082 1,098 1,124 1 ,162 Small-scale nuclear activities (medical and industry) Level 0 135 177 163 176 210 204 Level 1 24 33 37 25 21 29 Level 2 1 0 2 0 0 0 Level 3 and + 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total 160 210 202 201 231 234 Transport of radioactive substances Level 0 71 80 76 84 100 93 Level 1 4 4 12 2 3 4 Level 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Level 3 and + 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 75 84 88 86 103 97 Grand Total 1,377 1,466 1,372 1,385 1,458 1,493 * Only the data concerning significant events rated level 1 and higher on the INES scale were updated (following the re-ratings carried out in the year following that of the declaration). TABLE 6 Number of significant events rated on the INES scale between 2020 and 2025 ASNR Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2025 155 01 02 03 05 09 06 10 07 11 13 04 08 12 A / Z
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