LES ACTIVITÉS NUCLÉAIRES : RAYONNEMENTS IONISANTS ET RISQUES POUR LA SANTÉ ET L’ENVIRONNEMENT 1.2.1 – Local response organisation In an emergency situation, several parties have the authority to take decisions: ∙The licensee of the affected nuclear facilities deploys the response organisation and the resources defined in its PUI (see point 1.1.1). ∙ASNR has a duty to monitor the licensee’s actions in terms of nuclear safety and radiation protection. In an emergency situation, it calls on technical assessments by its Emergency Response Centre and can at any time ask the licensee to perform any assessments and take any actions it deems necessary. ∙The Prefect of the département in which the installation is located takes the necessary decisions to protect the population, the environment and the property threatened by the accident. Within the framework of the PPI, this comprises the Orsec plans or the Offsite Protection Plan in the event of a malicious act. The Prefect is thus responsible for coordinating the resources – both public and private, human and material – deployed in the PPI. He/she keeps the population and the mayors informed of events. ASNR advises the Prefect on measures to protect the population and provides its resources (mobile and fixed laboratories) for measuring the environment and human health. ∙The Prefect of the defence and security zone is responsible for coordinating reinforcements and the support needed by the Prefect of the département, for ensuring that the steps taken between départements are consistent, and for coordinating regional and national communications. ∙Owing to his or her role in the local community, the mayor has an important part to play in supporting and planning ahead for the measures to protect the population. To this end, the mayor of a municipality included within the scope of application of a PPI must draw up and implement a local safeguard plan to provide for, organise and structure the measures to accompany the Prefect’s decisions. The mayor also plays a role in relaying the information and heightening population awareness, more particularly during iodine tablet distribution campaigns. 1.2.2 – National response organisation In a radiological emergency situation, each Ministry – together with the decentralised State services – is responsible for preparing and executing national level measures within their field of competence. In the event of a major crisis requiring the coordination of numerous players, a governmental crisis organisation is set up, under the supervision of the Prime Minister, with activation of the Interministerial Crisis Committee (CIC). The purpose of this Committee is to centralise and analyse information in order to prepare the strategic decisions and coordinate their implementation at interministerial level. It comprises: ∙all the Ministries concerned; ∙the competent safety Authority; ∙the representatives of the licensee; ∙administrations or public institutions providing assistance, such as Météo-France (national weather service). 1.3 Protecting the population The steps to protect the populations during the emergency phase, as well as the initial actions as part of the post-accident phase, aim to protect the population from exposure to ionising radiation and to any chemical and toxic substances that may be present in the releases. These measures are mentioned in the PPIs. 1.3.1 – General protection measures In the event of a major nuclear or radiological accident, a number of measures can be envisaged by the Prefect in order to protect the population: ∙The individuals concerned, alerted by a siren or by FR-Alert (cell phone alert system), take shelter at home or in a building, with all openings closed, and wait for instructions from the Prefect broadcast by the media. ∙Ingestion of stable iodine tablets (only in the event of an accident involving radioactive iodine releases): on the orders of the Prefect, people likely to be exposed to radioactive iodine releases are asked to ingest the prescribed dose of iodine tablets. ∙In the event of a risk of large-scale radioactive releases, the Prefect may order evacuation. The populations concerned are asked to prepare a bag of essential personal effects, secure and leave their homes and go to the nearest assembly point. Taking stable iodine tablets is a means of saturating the thyroid gland and protecting it from the carcinogenic effects of radioactive iodines. Circular NOR INTE 1824870J of 13 September 2018 relative to the procedures for implementing iodine distribution campaigns within the PPI perimeters defines the principles governing the respective responsibilities of a BNI licensee and of the State with regard to the distribution of iodine tablets. Reflex phase Situation1 of the Plan: immediate and short-duration release • Shelter and await instructions over 2 km • Consumption restrictions Immediate phase Situation 2 of the Plan: immediate and long-duration release • Shelter and await instructions over 2 km, then evacuation over 5 km • Consumption restrictions Joint response Other situation • Population protection measures based on dose forecasts as wall as taking account of the local context Nationwide: application of the “Major Nuclear or Radiological Accident National Response Plan” Reflex phase 2 km Immediate phase 5 km Off-site Emergency Plan perimeter DIAGRAM 1 Major Nuclear or Radiological Accident National Response Plan ASNR Report on the state of nuclear safety and radiation protection in France in 2025 181 01 02 03 04 05 09 06 10 07 11 13 08 12 A / Z
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